Abstract

Background: Granulomatous disorders comprise a large family sharing histological denominator of granuloma formation. A granuloma is a focal compact collection of inflammatory cells, mononuclear cells predominating usually as a result of the persistence of non-degradable product and of active cell mediated hypersensitivity. Incidence and prevalence of granulomatous disorder differs with geographic location. Histopathology along with special stains serves as gold standard tool for the diagnosis and classification of granulomatous disorders. The present study was done to investigate the histopathological spectrum on the patients of eastern part of Nepal.

Objectives: To study on histopathological spectrum of the granulomatous disorders at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan.

Methods: Descriptive type of observational study was done on total 80 cases during the period of July 2017 to July 2018 in department of pathology of BPKIHS, Dharan.

Results: In present study, granulomatous disorders are common in third decade of life with male predominance (55%). Most commonly skin and subcutaneous tissue (40%) was the site affected by granulomatous reaction followed by lymph node (17.5%). Tuberculosis was found the most common etiology (38.75%) while Tuberculoid being the most common type of granuloma (60%). Ziehl Neelsen stain is helpful in diagnosis of tuberculosis (positive: 61.30%). Similarly Fite Faraco stain for leprosy is 37.5% (6/16). Non-caseating granulomas are more common (43/80, 53.67%).

Conclusion: Granulomatous lesion seems to be common in third decade of life with male predominance. Tuberculosis is the most common cause. The information is useful in management of granulomatous disorders and also for preventive measures.