DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v8i2.3939
Keywords:
Bain’s circuit, capnography, obstruction, ventilatory failure
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a relapsing and remitting disease that may be caused by exposure to environmental toxins. In this report, we discuss a case of an individual who was occupationally exposed to chemical carcinogens over a period of 10 years and developed chronic myelogenous leukemia pursuant to this exposure. Case Presentation: A middle aged chemical worker presented to the emergency room with a hematopoietic syndrome. Diagnostic studies revealed laboratory findings consistent with myelogenous leukemia. Due to the patients known repeated chemical exposures over a multi-year period preceding the hematopoietic syndrome, a qualified medical evaluator determined that the leukemia was work related. Conclusion: Chronic myelogenous leukemia is not generally considered an occupational disease. However, a review of the literature demonstrates that exposure to certain chemicals may result in the induction of leukemia. Several biochemical mechanisms have been proposed to account for this effect. This case illustrates that occupational history must be considered if the attribution of causation is material to the patient in the setting of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Moreover, personal protective equipment should be worn under all circumstances when working with noxious fumes in order to avoid inhalational exposures.
Downloads
References
International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 150). http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc150.htm
Arnold, S. M.; Angerer, J.; Boogaard, P. J.; Hughes, M. F.; O’Lone, R. B.; Robison, S. H.; Schnatter, A. R., The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessment: benzene case study. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43 (2): 119-53.
Wilbur, S.; Wohlers, D.; Paikoff, S.; Keith, L. S.; Faroon, O., ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to benzene. Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24 (5-6): 399-442.
Goldstein, B. D.; Snyder, C. A.; Laskin, S.; Bromberg, I.; Albert, R. E.; Nelson, N., Myelogenous leukemia in rodents inhaling benzene. Toxicol Lett 1982; 13 (3-4): 169-73.
Lange, A.; Smolik, R.; Zatonski, W.; Glazman, H., Leukocyte agglutinins in workers exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene. Int Arch Arbeitsmed 1973; 31 (1): 45-50.
Lange, A.; Smolik, R.; Zatonski, W.; Szymanska, J., Serum immunoglobulin levels in workers exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene. Int Arch Arbeitsmed 1973; 31 (1): 37-44.
Aksoy, M.; Dincol, K.; Akgun, T.; Erdem, S.; Dincol, G., Haematological effects of chronic benzene poisoning in 217 workers. Br J Ind Med 1971; 28, (3): 296-302.
Aksoy, M.; Erdem, S.; Dincol, K.; Hepyuksel, T.; Dincol, G., Chronic exposure to benzene as a possible contributary etiologic factor in Hodgkin’s disease. Blut 1974; 28 (4): 293-8.
Moszczynski, P., Organic solvents and T lymphocytes. Lancet 1981; 1 (8217): 438.
Some Industrial Chemicals and Dyestuffs IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. 1982; Vol. 29.
Interaction profile for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/interactionprofiles/ip05.html
Delaney, C. A.; Wang, L. Z.; Kyle, S.; White, A. W.; Calvert, A. H.; Curtin, N. J.; Durkacz, B. W.; Hostomsky, Z.; Newell, D. R., Potentiation of temozolomide and topotecan growth inhibition and cytotoxicity by novel poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) polymerase inhibitors in a panel of human tumor cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6 (7): 2860-7.
Kim, M. Y.; Mauro, S.; Gevry, N.; Lis, J. T.; Kraus, W. L., NAD+-dependent modulation of chromatin structure and transcription by nucleosome binding properties of PARP-1. Cell 2004; 119 (6): 803-14.
Muvarak, N.; Nagaria, P.; Rassool, F. V., Genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia: targets for therapy? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7: (2), 94-102.
Bast, C. B., & Glass, D. F. Phosgene., Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents. Elsevier: (2009).
Snyder, R. W.; Mishel, H. S.; Christensen, G. C., 3rd, Pulmonary toxicity following exposure to methylene chloride and its combustion product, phosgene. Chest 1992; 102 (6): 1921.
Diller, W. F., Medical phosgene problems and their possible solution. J Occup Med 1978; 20 (3): 189-93.
Burleson, G. R.; Keyes, L. L., Natural killer activity in Fischer-344 rat lungs as a method to assess pulmonary immunocompetence: immunosuppression by phosgene inhalation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1989; 11 (2-3): 421-43.
Leme, D. M.; Grummt, T.; Heinze, R.; Sehr, A.; Skerswetat, M.; de Marchi, M. R.; Machado, M. C.; de Oliveira, D. P.; Marin-Morales, M. A., Cytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction from biodiesel and its diesel blends to human cell lines. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2011; 74, (8): 2148-55.
Guo, J.; Kauppinen, T.; Kyyronen, P.; Heikkila, P.; Lindbohm, M. L.; Pukkala, E., Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust. Int J Cancer 2004; 111 (2): 286-92.
Lindquist, R.; Nilsson, B.; Eklund, G.; Gahrton, G., Acute leukemia in professional drivers exposed to gasoline and diesel. Eur J Haematol 1991; 47 (2): 98-103.
Boffetta, P., Risk of acute myeloid leukemia after exposure to diesel exhaust: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. J Occup Environ Med 2004; 46 (10): 1076-83.
Jiang, W. C.; Wu, S. Y.; Ke, Y. B., [Association of exposure to environmental chemicals with risk of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 50 (10): 893-899.
- PDF
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- An author must submit Copyright form After acceptance of the article.
